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▶ Periodontal Disease When periodontal disease is not treated, the subgingival anaerobic bacteria can continue to reproduce, creating deeper periodontal pockets through bone destruction. Eventually, this progression can cause tooth loss and other internal medicine problems.
▶ The Degree of Periodontal Disease
Stage I (gingivitis) periodontal disease have gingivitis with no attachment loss. Some dogs may have significant dental calculus with minimal gingivitis while others may have severe inflammation with minimal plaque and calculus. This stage of periodontal disease results in inflammation, edema, plaque and calculus accumulation, possible bleeding on probing, and pseudopockets may be present. Gingivitis is curable if treated early, with thorough teeth cleaning and polishing by a veterinarian.
Animals with Stage II early periodontal disease, have periodontal probing and dental radiographics that may indicate attachment loss of up to 25% with the teeth remaining stable. Horizontal bone loss often occurs prior to vertical bone loss in this stage of periodontal disease.
Animals with Stage III (moderate) periodontal disease, have probing and radiographic signs of attachment loss between 25% and 50% of the root length. In this stage of periodontal disease vertical defects and infrabony pockets may be present and teeth may begin to become mobile.
Stage4 : Advanced Periodontitis
Animals with Stage IV (severe) periodontal disease have attachment loss greater than 50%. In this stage of periodontal disease there is severe loss of supporting tooth structures and teeth become loose. There may be significant infrabony pockets localized to a single area.
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